September 17, 2025
Getting ready for IVF: the right supplements and nutrition
Preparing for in vitro fertilisation (IVF) involves more than medical appointments; taking care of your nutrition and supplements can play a key role in supporting your fertility.
Being well-prepared physically and emotionally can help you feel more in control of your IVF journey. While there is no single magic pill that guarantees success, the right diet and supplements, combined with the right treatment plan, can help improve your chances.
This guide will walk you through what women and men can do nutritionally to prepare for IVF.
Navigation guide
2. For women: key supplements and nutrients to boost IVF success
3. For men: supplements and nutrition to support sperm health
4. Unisex: diet and lifestyle tips for both partners
6. Take the next step towards your IVF journey with confidence
1. When to start?
It is wise to begin focusing on diet and supplements well before your IVF cycle. Sperm take about two to three months to regenerate, and egg follicles also develop over several months. Ideally, you should start making these healthy changes around three months in advance of your treatment.
Always remember to consult your fertility clinic or GP before starting any new supplement. They can review your individual history and make tailored recommendations, ensuring you take supplements that are appropriate for you.
2. For women: key supplements and nutrients to boost IVF success
Women preparing for IVF are commonly advised to take certain vitamins and supplements to support their egg quality and overall reproductive health. A good prenatal diet plus a few targeted supplements can help create the best possible environment for a healthy pregnancy, though supplements are just one piece of the puzzle.
Here are some essential supplements and nutrients for women and why they matter.
Folic acid (folate)
Folic acid is the essential pre-pregnancy supplement. It is well-known for preventing neural tube defects like spina bifida in babies.
UK health guidelines recommend 400 μg of folic acid daily for all women trying to conceive, starting at least three months before pregnancy and continuing through the first 12 weeks. You cannot get enough folate from food alone, even with a diet rich in leafy greens and fortified cereals, so a supplement is essential.
Most women can take the standard dose, but a higher dose (5 mg) may be advised if you have specific risk factors, such as a previous neural tube defect pregnancy, diabetes, or if you are on certain medications.
A significant portion of the population (around 40–60%) has a genetic variant (MTHFR mutation) that makes it difficult to fully convert folic acid into its active form. In such cases, doctors may recommend methylfolate, the bioactive form of folate, instead of regular folic acid. Taking the right form ensures your cells can synthesise DNA properly and divide normally, which is critical for healthy eggs and early embryo development.
If you are unsure, speak with your doctor about whether you should be tested or switch to methylfolate. Either way, folate is non-negotiable for fertility preparation.
Vitamin D
Vitamin D is another crucial vitamin when trying for a baby. It is needed for healthy bones and immune function, and it also plays a significant role in reproductive health.
In the UK, sunlight, our main natural source of vitamin D, is weak for half the year. The vitamin is also only found in a limited number of foods like oily fish, egg yolks, and fortified cereals. This is why the NHS advises everyone, including women trying to conceive and pregnant women, to take 400 IU of vitamin D daily, especially during autumn and winter. Many prenatal vitamins contain this amount.
Vitamin D is important because a deficiency is linked to an increased risk of miscarriage and other pregnancy complications. A review by the University of Birmingham found that women with low vitamin D were significantly more likely to miscarry, suggesting that correcting a deficiency before conception might improve outcomes.
Emerging research also highlights that low vitamin D levels can reduce egg competency and the quality of embryos. Studies have shown that supplementation can be particularly beneficial for those undergoing IVF treatment, as it has been found to improve the quality of embryos, regardless of the patient's initial vitamin D status.
Certain groups are also at higher risk of deficiency. For instance, women with darker skin, as more melanin reduces vitamin D synthesis, or those who get little sun exposure should be extra vigilant about supplementation.
Coenzyme Q10 (CoQ10)
Coenzyme Q10 has become a popular topic in fertility discussions. It is a powerful antioxidant that exists naturally in our cells’ mitochondria, where it helps generate energy and protect cells from damage.
Our bodies produce CoQ10 and we get some from foods like whole grains, nuts, and oily fish, but levels decline with age. This is significant for IVF because egg cells and embryos are very energy-hungry, and oxidative stress from free radicals can damage the DNA in eggs and sperm.
By the time women reach their late 30s or 40s, lower CoQ10 levels in eggs may contribute to age-related declines in egg quality.
Supplementing with CoQ10 is thought to help energise egg cells and protect them from free-radical damage, potentially improving egg quality and embryo development. Some studies have shown that women who took CoQ10 prior to IVF had a higher number of eggs retrieved and higher-quality embryos, leading to improved pregnancy rates, especially in women over 35.
It can take a couple of months for CoQ10 levels to build up in your system, so this is a supplement to start early. Typical doses used in fertility research range from approximately 200 to 600 mg daily; always check with your doctor for the appropriate dose for you.
Melatonin
You might know melatonin as a sleep aid, but it is also gaining attention as a fertility supplement for women. Melatonin is a hormone our brains produce at night to regulate sleep-wake cycles, but it is also a potent antioxidant with roles in reproductive function.
During IVF, some doctors prescribe a short-term course of melatonin, often 3 mg at bedtime, particularly if egg quality is a concern. The theory is that melatonin can help reduce oxidative stress in the ovaries, thereby improving egg quality.
There is a strong case for melatonin benefits; evidence indicates it can increase the number of eggs collected, the number of mature eggs, and the number of high-quality embryos formed in IVF. One systematic review found that melatonin supplementation significantly increased mature egg retrieval and the number of good-quality embryos, even improving clinical pregnancy rates.
However, it is important to note that the jury is still out on whether melatonin consistently boosts live birth rates. Some studies showed higher pregnancy rates, while others have mixed results, so more large trials are needed.
Given melatonin’s excellent safety profile and low cost, many consider it worth trying, especially for those who have had a poor response or low embryo quality in the past. It is an option to discuss with your doctor if egg quality is an issue, but it is not a standard recommendation for everyone. Only use it under medical guidance for this purpose.
DHEA (Dehydroepiandrosterone)
DHEA is a supplement you may have heard about on fertility forums, especially for "poor responders" to IVF. It is a hormone naturally produced by our adrenal glands, which the body can convert into oestrogen and testosterone.
DHEA levels peak in our 20s and then decline with age, which has led to it being touted as an "ovarian anti-aging" supplement. While not a youth elixir, medical studies have found that DHEA can improve egg yield and quality in women with diminished ovarian reserve (DOR) or those who responded poorly in previous IVF cycles.
The exact mechanism of how DHEA works is not fully understood, but it might support the early development of follicles, improve the ovarian environment, and reduce chromosomal abnormalities in eggs. Numerous studies, including randomised trials and meta-analyses, have reported that adding DHEA leads to more eggs, more embryos, and higher pregnancy rates in women with low ovarian reserve.
That said, DHEA is a mild androgen (a weak male hormone), so it should only be used if indicated. It is not for women with normal ovarian reserve or Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS), for example.
Doctors typically recommend DHEA, usually 75 mg daily in divided doses, for certain patients, to be taken for around two to three months before and during IVF stimulation. If your doctor has identified diminished reserve or you had a prior cycle with few eggs, DHEA might be suggested.
Never start DHEA on your own without medical advice, as it is not appropriate for everyone. DHEA supplementation is not recommended by the HFEA (the UK fertility regulator), but it may be appropriate for some women.
Other nutrients and diet considerations
In addition to the above, ensure you have a good all-round prenatal multivitamin. A quality prenatal will contain iron (to prevent anaemia and support a healthy womb lining), vitamin B12, iodine (important for foetal brain development), vitamin C (for iron absorption and general health), and more. If you eat a balanced diet, you may already be getting many of these, but a prenatal vitamin acts as a safety net.
Eating more oily fish like salmon, sardines, and mackerel can be beneficial. These are rich in omega-3 fatty acids, which are anti-inflammatory and may improve egg quality and embryo implantation. Be sure to stick to the NHS guidelines on fish intake: no more than two portions of oily fish a week when trying to conceive, to avoid excess mercury. If you do not eat fish, you might consider an omega-3 supplement containing DHA/EPA.
Also, stay hydrated and maintain a balanced diet with plenty of fresh vegetables, fruits, whole grains, and lean protein. The goal is to nourish your body so it can handle the rigours of IVF medications and pregnancy. While supplements can help fill gaps, food is still fundamental. Think of building up good nutrient stores as stockpiling for your future pregnancy.
Finally, limit things that could impair fertility. For women, this means avoiding alcohol completely once you are trying to get pregnant and keeping caffeine intake moderate (no more than 200 mg per day, equivalent to about two cups of coffee).
3. For men: supplements and nutrition to support sperm health
Often, the spotlight in IVF is on women, but male partners have an equally important role in a successful outcome. Sperm quality is crucial for fertilisation, embryo development, and a healthy pregnancy.
Male fertility can be very responsive to lifestyle and nutrition changes. In fact, about 40–50% of infertility cases involve a male factor, so optimising the man’s health is critical. The good news is that many of the same healthy habits benefit sperm production. Like eggs, sperm take approximately three months to develop, so men should ideally implement improvements a few months before providing a sample for IVF. Here are key nutrients and tips for men to boost sperm health.
Antioxidant vitamins (C and E)
Sperm are especially vulnerable to oxidative stress, which can damage their DNA and motility. Vitamins C and E are antioxidants that help protect sperm from free-radical damage and improve overall sperm quality.
Vitamin C, found in citrus fruits, berries, kiwis, and peppers, has been linked to better sperm count and motility. Vitamin E, found in nuts, seeds, and vegetable oils, works in tandem with vitamin C to improve sperm function.
Ensuring ample intake of these vitamins, either through a diet rich in fruits and vegetables or via a supplement, can be beneficial.
Zinc and selenium
Zinc is required for testosterone production and normal sperm development. It promotes a healthy sperm count and motility and helps maintain the integrity of sperm DNA. Good sources include oysters, red meat, poultry, dairy, and beans. The recommended intake for adult men is about 9.5 mg of zinc per day.
Selenium is a trace mineral that plays a role in the structural integrity of sperm and has antioxidant properties. It is needed for proper sperm formation, being a component of the sperm’s tail, and helps protect sperm from damage. Just one or two Brazil nuts a day can provide the approximately 75 μg of selenium an adult man needs. Other sources include fish, eggs, and grains.
CoQ10 and L-Carnitine
As it is for women, Coenzyme Q10 is equally relevant for men. CoQ10 naturally exists in sperm cells, particularly in the midpiece where energy is generated for swimming. Supplementing with CoQ10 has been associated with improvements in sperm count, motility, and reduced DNA fragmentation. Typical doses for men are around 200–300 mg daily.
L-Carnitine is also a nutrient that sperm cells use to generate energy. It is naturally found in red meat and dairy. Some studies, especially in men with known sperm issues, have found that L-carnitine supplements improved sperm motility and morphology.
Men can obtain some carnitine from their diet, but supplements (often as L-carnitine or acetyl-L-carnitine) are used in certain cases of male infertility. As always, a doctor can advise if these are worth trying.
Folate (Vitamin B9)
Folate is not just for women; men need it for healthy sperm production too. Low folate has been linked to higher sperm DNA damage. Getting enough folate, in the diet or via a supplement, is associated with improved sperm quality.
Men require roughly 200 μg of folate daily, which is usually attainable through a balanced diet rich in greens, beans, and fortified grains, but many male multivitamins will also include folic acid.
Omega-3 fatty acids
The membranes of sperm cells are rich in polyunsaturated fatty acids like DHA, an omega-3. Omega-3s from fish oil or fatty fish are known to improve sperm membrane fluidity and have been associated with better sperm morphology and motility.
Men who eat a lot of processed foods but little fish may have poorer semen quality. Adding a couple of servings of oily fish per week or taking an omega-3 supplement could support sperm health.
The British Dietetic Association recommends about 450 mg of omega-3 daily for general health, which is roughly equivalent to half a tin of mackerel or a portion of salmon.
Other considerations for men
Male fertility supplements or food?
You might wonder whether to buy a "male fertility blend" supplement. Many of these contain a mix of antioxidants (like vitamins C and E), minerals (zinc, selenium), and sometimes extras like CoQ10 and carnitine. Such supplements can be convenient for covering all bases.
However, it is worth noting that recent high-quality trials have sometimes failed to show a significant benefit of antioxidant pills for male fertility, especially if the man already has a decent diet. Popping a pill is not a magic cure for poor sperm parameters and should never replace a healthy diet and lifestyle. That said, if your diet is less than ideal, or if tests show specific deficiencies, a supplement may help.
A reasonable approach is to eat a nutrient-dense diet and consider a daily male prenatal or antioxidant supplement as an add-on. It is unlikely to hurt and may improve borderline sperm issues. Always purchase supplements from reputable brands and stick to recommended dosages.
Stay cool (literally)
This is not a supplement or food, but an important physical factor. Testes are designed to hang outside the body for a reason: they need to stay a couple of degrees cooler than core body temperature for optimal sperm production.
Men can improve their sperm health by avoiding excessive heat to the groin. This means wearing loose-fitting underwear like boxers rather than tight briefs. Also, avoid long hot baths, saunas, or placing laptops directly on your lap for extended periods, as overheating the testicles can negatively affect sperm count and motility. Simple changes like looser trousers and cooler baths can make a difference over a few months.
Key lifestyle tips for men
In addition to nutrients, men should adopt healthy habits for at least a few months before IVF. Quitting smoking is paramount, as it can damage sperm DNA and reduce count and motility, not to mention increase miscarriage risk for a partner.
While the NHS says men should drink no more than 14 units of alcohol per week, many fertility specialists suggest cutting back further when trying to conceive; even less than 10 units per week or abstaining can be beneficial. Excess alcohol is linked with poorer sperm quality.
Anabolic steroids used for bodybuilding are known for drastically reducing or stopping sperm production, and recreational drugs like cocaine and marijuana can also impair fertility. If you are on any prescription medications, check with your doctor that they will not affect sperm.
Maintaining a healthy weight and exercising moderately is also key. Obesity in men is associated with lower testosterone and sperm issues, so losing even 5-10% of body weight if overweight can improve hormone balance and sperm parameters. Regular exercise can boost testosterone and improve mood, but avoid extremely intense exercise or excessive cycling that could overheat or physically stress the testicles.
4. Unisex: diet and lifestyle tips for both partners
Both partners can benefit from a fertility diet rich in vegetables, fruits, whole grains, lean proteins, and healthy fats. When preparing for IVF, you are in it together, and both partners should encourage each other in making healthy choices.
Follow a balanced “fertility diet”
Numerous studies have found that the same diet that protects your heart can also benefit your fertility. The Mediterranean diet is highly recommended. This way of eating is rich in plant-based foods (vegetables, fruit, legumes, nuts, whole grains), includes moderate fish and poultry, plenty of healthy fats like olive oil, and limits red meat and processed foods.
For couples undergoing IVF, higher adherence to a Mediterranean-style diet has been associated with improved outcomes, such as better sperm quality, healthier embryo development, and even higher pregnancy and live birth rates.
The idea is that a nutrient-rich diet reduces inflammation and provides all the building blocks needed for healthy eggs, sperm, and reproductive organs. Conversely, a typical "Western" diet high in fried foods, refined carbs, sugary snacks, and processed meats has been linked to poorer fertility in both men and women.
Try to cook more at home using fresh ingredients. Pile your plate with a variety of colourful vegetables and fruits, choose whole grains over white flour, include oily fish or other omega-3 sources, opt for lean proteins, and use olive oil. You can certainly enjoy the occasional treat, but aim for an 80/20 rule: if 80% of your diet is whole and nutrient-dense, you are on the right track.
If you’re having difficulty adopting the right approach, a fertility nutrition expert could help direct you based on your specific circumstances.
Aim for a healthy weight
Both being overweight and underweight can negatively affect fertility. If either partner’s BMI is outside the ideal range (approximately 20–25), consider taking steps to address this before IVF.
In women, being overweight can disrupt hormonal balance and make it harder to stimulate the ovaries; it also increases the risk of complications in pregnancy. Being underweight can cause irregular periods. In men, obesity is associated with lower testosterone and sperm issues.
The good news is that even a modest weight loss of 5–10% in overweight individuals can significantly improve fertility hormones and outcomes. If underweight, gaining a few kilos could restore regular ovulation.
Diet and exercise are the way to do this; crash diets or extreme exercise regimens are not advised before IVF. Instead, adopt a sustainable healthy eating plan and incorporate regular physical activity, such as at least 30 minutes of moderate exercise most days.
No smoking, minimal alcohol, moderate caffeine
This is a big one. Smoking (cigarettes or vaping nicotine) is well-known for interfering with fertility in both sexes. In women, smoking accelerates egg loss and can cause earlier menopause; it also raises miscarriage and ectopic pregnancy rates. In men, smoking reduces sperm count and motility and damages sperm DNA.
The best advice is to quit completely, as soon as possible. It may take a few months for sperm quality to rebound after quitting, but it does improve.
For alcohol, the safest approach for women is to avoid it entirely while trying to conceive and during pregnancy. Even moderate drinking has been linked to reduced fertility, and no amount is proven safe in early pregnancy. Men should also cut back. UK guidelines cap male intake at 14 units per week, but aiming for well below that or abstaining during the IVF period may improve outcomes.
Caffeine is more debatable, with most research showing that moderate intake (under 200 mg/day) is okay. However, high caffeine intake has been associated with fertility issues and a higher miscarriage risk. It is wise for both partners to keep caffeine to modest levels, such as one or two cups of tea or coffee a day.
Manage stress and take care of emotional health
The IVF journey can be a rollercoaster. High chronic stress might affect hormonal balance. Consider incorporating relaxation techniques into your routine, such as gentle yoga, meditation, or walking in nature. Ensure you are getting enough sleep (7-9 hours per night), as this is when the body repairs and balances hormones.
The very act of preparing your body can help you cope emotionally and focus on the future. Do not hesitate to seek support, whether from your partner, a support group, or a counsellor.
Other lifestyle factors
If either partner has a medical condition like diabetes or a thyroid disorder, ensure it is well-controlled and discuss it with your doctor before IVF. For women, it is a good idea to cut out any high-risk foods once you start IVF medications, as per standard pregnancy guidelines. This includes unpasteurised dairy, certain soft cheeses, and raw seafood.
Also, avoid exposure to known toxins. For men, avoid anabolic steroids and any recreational drugs. If your job exposes you to chemicals like pesticides or heavy metals, use appropriate protection. Think of this pre-IVF period as a time to detox and strengthen your bodies.
Remember that teamwork makes it easier. Cook healthy meals together, go for walks, and keep each other motivated. It can be a positive lifestyle change for your relationship, not just a chore for the sake of IVF.
5. The difference it can make
Taking the time to make diet and lifestyle changes can lead to tangible improvements. Some patients find their ovarian stimulation progresses better, they retrieve more eggs, and their recovery is smoother. They may end up with more high-quality embryos, giving them a much better fighting chance.
Of course, every journey is unique. Not every IVF outcome will change dramatically with lifestyle adjustments, as there are factors beyond our control. But taking these steps ensures you have done everything in your power to optimise your fertility.
It can be very empowering to know you are entering IVF in the healthiest state possible. The medical procedures will do their part, but you must do yours. Taking responsibility for your health is crucial, as medical treatment can only go so far. Regardless of the outcome, you will benefit physically from better nutrition and habits.
6. Take the next step towards your IVF journey with confidence
If you’re preparing for IVF and want to ensure every aspect of your health and fertility is optimised, the team at Harley Street Fertility Clinic is here to support you at every stage. We’re dedicated to providing personalised advice on nutrition, supplements, and lifestyle choices that can make a real difference to your IVF outcome.
Why choose Harley Street Fertility Clinic for your IVF care?
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Truly personalised treatment: Every patient’s fertility journey is unique. At Harley Street Fertility Clinic, your pathway begins with an in-depth consultation and a bespoke treatment plan tailored to your medical history, nutritional needs, and personal goals.
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Comprehensive, expert-led support: Our world-renowned consultants, specialist nurses, and holistic care team will guide you through every step—from pre-treatment preparation and supplement advice to advanced diagnostics, IVF procedures, and aftercare. You’ll always have access to the latest evidence-based guidance and the continuity of care you deserve.
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Cutting-edge fertility science: We offer a full spectrum of fertility treatments, including IVF, IUI, mild/natural IVF, donor egg and sperm options, fertility preservation, and advanced genetic screening. Our clinic uses state-of-the-art technology and the latest research to maximise your chances of success, no matter how complex your case.
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Holistic, compassionate approach: We understand that IVF is about more than just medicine. Our team supports your emotional wellbeing, dietary needs, and lifestyle changes—helping you feel empowered and cared for throughout your journey.
Ready to take control of your fertility future?
Call Harley Street Fertility Clinic today on 0208 1754184 or send us a message to book your initial consultation or request a call back from our friendly team.
Whether you’re seeking expert advice on supplements and nutrition, want to discuss your options for IVF or fertility preservation, or simply need reassurance and support, we’re here to help you every step of the way.
Your path to parenthood starts with the right preparation and the right team—let us be part of your success story.
